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primitive communal system.

             THEME 2. Ancient peoples and early state system formations
                              on the territory of Ukraine.

            ~9th-7th          The Cimmerians:
            centuries B.C.    1)  the  first  people  of  Ukraine  whose  name
                              was  recorded  in  written  sources.  Herodotus,
                              Ptolemy,  Straton,  the  ancient  historians,
                              affirmed that they lived in the Northern Black
                              Sea  Littoral  (from  the  Don  river  to  the
                              Dniester river) before the Scythians came;
                              2)  the  Cimmerians  were  Iranian-speaking
                              people who came from the East;
                              3) they brought the technology of iron melting
                              to the territory of Ukraine;
                              4) the basis of agriculture was represented by
                              nomadic  and  half-nomadic  cattle  breeding.
                              Due  to  this  fact  their  settlements  were  of
                              short-term origin;
                              5) ceramics manufacture reached a high level,
                              various  tableware  with  polished  surface  and
                              decorated  with  geometric  ornament  is  worth
                              attention;
                              6)  numerous  war  marches  aiming  at  getting
                              spoils took place;
                              7)  they  were  forced  out  from  the  Northern
                              Black Sea Littoral by the Scythians; the part
                              of  them  roamed  to  another  place,  others
                              assimilated.
            ~7th-3d           The Scythians:
            centuries B.C.    1)  Iranian-speaking  tribes  intruded  into  the
                              Northern Black Sea Littoral from the heart of



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