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caused the community stratification, the
appearance of property inequalities
(separation of aristocracy);
4) this period gave birth to the most
impressive culture of the ancient European
history, the well-known Trypillya culture.
4-3 thous. B.C. Trypillya culture:
1) the first one to discover and investigate the
monuments to that culture in 1896 was V.
Hvoika, an archaeologist, near Trypillya
village in Kyiv region;
2) the culture area covered the territory from
the Dniester to the Dnieper, from the
Carpathians to the Northern Black Sea
Littoral;
3) it came into being on the basis of local
population, Mediterranean tribes and people
of Middle East integration, though the origin
of Trypillya people has not been finally
clarified;
4) the main occupation was represented by
arable agriculture with using of fallow
system. First the land was cultivated with
mattocks and ploughs made of antlers, then
the wooden plough with oxen as draft animal
were used. The main culture crops included
wheat, barley, millet and legumes. The crop
was gathered by sickles with flint or copper
horn-rimmed inserts. The grain was ground in
grain graters;
5) animal husbandry was developed, they
bred oxen, goats, pigs, sheep, then horses;
6) hunting, fishing, gathering and gardening

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