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for volitional and desiderative purposes. All intonational styles
include intellectual intonation patterns, because the aim of any

kind of communication is to give some intellectual information.
The frequency of occurrence and the distribution of emotional (or

attitudinal) and volitional (or desiderative) patterns shape the
distinctive features of each style.

15.1 Informational Style. Scientific (Academic) Style.
Publicistic (Oratorial) Style. Types of speeches

Informational (formal) style occurs in formal discourse
where the task is to send the message without giving it any

emotional or volitional evaluation. This intonational style is used
by radio and television announcers, or in various official

situations, such as classroom activity. It is considered to be
stylistically neutral. In most cases the speaker sounds

dispassionate.

The characteristic feature of informational style is the use of
the Falling tones, normal or slow speed of utterance and regular

rhythm. Pauses are always semantically predictable, that is an
intonation group always consists of words joined together by

sense. Besides, intonation groups tend to be short; duration of
pauses varies from medium to long. Short pauses are rather rare.

Scientific (academic) style tends to be objective and precise,
it is not entirely unemotional. Scientific intonational style is

frequently used by university lecturers, schoolteachers, or by

scientists in formal and informal discussions. The most pure
manifestation of the academic style is realised in a lecture. The

most commonly used tone is Falling (High Fall, Fall-Rise) which
makes the intonation group sound weighty. This enables the

lecturer to sound categoric, judicial, considered and persuasive.
The speed of utterance fluctuates from normal to accelerated, but

it is never too fast. Pauses are predominantly short.

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