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 I XX I XY I XZ 
 
I  I I YY I YZ 
 YX
. (6.40)
 
I
 ZX I ZY I ZZ 

Diagonal components of this tensor are called axial moment of
inertia

 I X 0 0 
 
 OI  I Y 0 . (6.41)

 
 0 0 I Z 

6.7 Gyroscope

The gyroscope (from greek gyro is a rotation, scope – to see) was

invented in 1852 by the French experimental physicist Leon Foucault
(1819-1868) as striking demonstration of the rotation of the Earth. The
better-known demonstration of the Foucault's pendulum showed that

the plane of rotation of a freely-swinging pendulum rotated with a
period that depends on the latitude of its location.
. Under the lofty roof of the Pantheon in Paris, Foucault hung a
28kg brass sphere on

67 m cable. Foucault
said "You are invited
to see thet Earth is

turning".
A pointer attached
to the bottom of the
sphere traced lines on

sand on a low wooden
platform. At each
subsequent oscillation

the tracks of pointer
traced a line on sand
approximately in 3 мм
Figure 6.16 from a previous place

line AA. After 3 hours
a pendulum passed the

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