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rials’  (The  profit  and              should     always     be           ‘Advertising’,
            loss  forecast  is  kept               valued  at  cost.  Your            ‘printing’,  postage’


            simple  in  format  with               Enterprise  Agency  or             and  ‘stationery’  –
            ‘chanes in stocks’ and                 accountant  can  give              we  have  assumed


            ‘work  in  progress’                   you further advice.) is            that besides the usual
            being  ignored.  ‘Work                 the direct cost of what            cost  of  letters  there


            in  progress’  is  the                 you sell. For a retailer           was       an      initial

            value  of  work  which                 it is the cost of his/her          distribution  of  leaf-

            has  been  completed                   stock;  for  a  plumber            lets    followed     by

            but  not  invoiced  to  a              the cost of a bathroom             local  press  adverti-

            customer.  In  some                    suite or copper piping             sing  to  advertise  the

            business,        notably               etc.,  whether  these              business.

            manufacturing         and              actually paid for at the                    ‘Telephone’

            building,  it  can  be  an             time  or  not  (they               (Our  example  shows

            important  part  of  the               might  be  bought  on              these      as     being

            profit      and      loss              credit, for example). It           recorded       on      a

            forecast.  The  profit                 does     not     include           quarterly         basis.

            and  loss  forecast  can               larger  ‘one-off’  pur-            However,  you  may

            be  ajusted  for  ‘stock’              chases  (e.g.  a  van)  –          find  that  you  have

            and ‘work in progress’                 nor  does  the  cost  of           more  control  over

            by adding to the ‘cost                 these  appear  in  the             your  finances  if  you

            of  materials’  figure                 profit     and       loss          budget or these items

            the difference between                 forecast.     This     is          on  a  monthly  basis.)

            the  value  of  ‘stock’                because      they     are          –  this  includes  £100

            and  ‘work  in  prog-                  regarded as being part             phone  bills  subse-

            ress’  at  the  beginning              of    the     business’s           quently         arriven

            of  the  period  and  the              assets.                            quarterly.

            value at the end of the

            period.  ‘Stock’  and

            ‘work  in  progress’                                                                           9
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