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zg/newsattach/872/The_Philosophy_Book_(gnv64).pdf

Volume 3: The Rise of Modern Philosophy

Volume 2: Medieval Philosophy

Anthony Kenny. A New History of Western Philosophy. – Volume 4:
Philosophy in the Modern World. – Oxford – New York. –2007– 348 p. Access
mode:

Seminar № 2 Philosophy of Ancient world
1. The differences between Eastern and Western philosophy.

2. Ancient Indian philosophy: history and traditions. The Four Noble Truths in
buddhism.
3. Peculiarities of the Chinese Philosophy. Confucianism.
4. The peculiarity of ancient philosophy.

5. Ancient philosophy of classical period (Socrates, Plato, Aristotle).
Key concepts: Vedas, Upanishads, Dharma, Book of Changes, Yin and Yang,

Tao, Substance, Cosmocentrism, Cosmos, Logos.

Basic concepts
Veda is a Sanskrit word from the root, vid, meaning “to know” Thus, veda

means "knowledge" or "wisdom." The Vedas are a large body of religious texts
originating in ancient India. The Vedas are a collection of teachings, hymns, rituals
and poems. There are four Vedas in total, the oldest of which is the "Rig Veda" that

dates back to approximately 1500 B.C.E. It is here that the word, “yoga,” is first used
and defined.
Book of Changes also known as I Ching or Yi Jing is an ancient Chinese

divination text and the oldest of the Chinese classics. it was transformed into a
cosmological text with a series of philosophical commentaries known as the "Ten
Wings".

Upanishads are different treatises of religious and philosophical nature, which
constitute the final stage in the development of the Vedas. In the Upanishads there
were certain philosophical ideas: it was the thought of the emergence of the world;
concepts about the vision of human life's destiny, immortality and the resettlement of

the soul; ideas about the conditions for the realization of human freedom; the process
of knowing the world and much more.

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