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COMMUNICATION MODEL

The simplest communication model includes five components:
1. The souce (the speaker or sender or addressor of a message).
2. The message (an idea or feeling that can be communicated verbally or nonverbally)
3. The channel (the means by which the message is transmitted, such as interpersonal
contact, the telephone, television).
4. The medium (the mechanism by which the message is sent, such as light waves or
sound waves).
5. The receiver (the listener or audience).

speaker coding noise channel message channel noise decoding receiver

feedback

Fig. 1. Communication Model

The simplest model of the most basic human communication involves two people who
originate and receive messages simultaneously and are influenced by one another in the
transaction. That means that they both act as senders and receivers.

Communicator 1: Sender / Receiver
Human brain stores and utilizes knowledge, attitudes, and emotions. Communicator
1’s senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing) are continually bombarded by thousands of
stimuli from both inside and outside the body. All that s/he knows and experiences comes
initially through the senses. These raw data are called input – all the stimuli, both past and
present, that give us information about the world.

Message
A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.
Messages may be verbal or nonverbal, and they may be intentional and
unintentional.
Verbal messages
A verbal message is any type of spoken communication that uses one or more words.
Most of the communicative stimuli we are conscious of belong to the category of
intentional verbal messages; i.e. the conscious attempts we make to communicate with
others through speech.
Unintentional verbal messages are the things we say without meaning to (slips of
the tongue). Freud argued that all the apparently unintentional stimuli we transmit – both
verbal and nonverbal – are unconsciously motivated. Sometimes it’s only when we get
feedback from others that we become aware we have transmitted such messages. Even in
mass communication, which generally involves a great deal of planning and control, such
unintentional messages make their appearance.