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influence, they are divided into substitutes of the first kind
and substitutes of the second kind. First-order substitutes (-
CH 3 and other radicals, -OH, -NH 2, halogens) in the
substitution reactions direct a new substituent to the 2- or 4-
position (ortho or para).

CH 6 1 CH
3 5 3 +
+ HCl
Cl
2
4 2 Cl
3

Second-order subordinates (-NO 2, -COOH, -CHO, -SO 3H, -
CN) orient the new substituent to the 3rd and 5th position
(meta).

6
NO 2 5 NO 2
+ HNO 3 1 + H O
2
4 2
3
NO 2

The course of work
Getting etin and studying its properties
In a test tube put 2-3 pieces of calcium carbide, pour 2-3
drops of distilled water and quickly close it with a crust with
a gas-fired tube, the end of which is lowered into a solution
of bromine water (Fig. 3.1)