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One purpose is obviously to make the offender to confess for his misdeeds and to assist (him or her) to
return to normal life as a useful member of the community. Punishment can also be seen as a deterrent
because it cautions other people of what will happen if they are tempted to break the law.
A lot of people believe we should make the punishment "fit for the crime". Those who steal from the
others should be deprived of their property. For those who attack others corporal punishment should be used.
Murderers should be subject to the principle "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" and automatically
receive the death penalty. On the other hand such views may seem cruel and barbaric. Modern human
society should demonstrate a more humane attitude to punishment. We have to try to understand why a
wrongdoer commits a crime and how and why society has failed to enable him to live a respectable and law-
abiding life.

Task 3. Answer the following questions.
1. What is crime?
2. What does the state prescribe a punishment for?
3. How may the crimes be classified?
4. Can you give a definition of a treason?
5. Is it possible to determine the distinction between felonies and misdemeanors?
6. What do we mean when we label crimes as mala in se or mala prohibita?
7. Can you give the examples of felonies?
8. What kind of violations of government requirements stand for mala prohibita?
9. How should the punishment for the breach of the law be taken by the person (the offender)?
10. What is the purpose of punishment?
11. Why may punishment also be seen as a deterrent?
12. Should the punishment be “fit for the crime”?
13. Do you support cruel view on punishment or humane one?
14. Who has to try to understand a wrongdoer?
15. Is it easy to live a respectable and law-abiding life?

Task 4. Pick out from the text all the word combinations with the following words and give their
Ukrainian equivalents. Breach, crime, to provide for, punishment, penalty

Task 5. Complete the following expressions choosing a suitable preposition from the list below; find
the best way of expressing them in Ukrainian.
1.A crime is a wrong which affects the public welfare, a wrong … which the state has prescribed a
punishment or penalty.
2.A crime is an act made punishable … law.
3.To be found guilty … a criminal offense, it is not necessary to commit the intended crime.
4.The accused is then arrested – either with or without a warrant, depending … the circumstances –
and is brought before the magistrate for a preliminary hearing to determine whether there are sufficient
grounds to hold the accused … trial.
5.These include the right to be free… unreasonably searches and seizures.
Upon, for, of, for, from, by
Task 6. Translate the following sentences and pay special attention to the underlined words or phrases.
1.Bribery may be triable in the country where the offer is made or accepted.
2.The pedestrian negligence may prevent him from recovering for his injuries in an automobile
accident.
3.Once a person is acquitted or has paid the penalty for his crime, he may not thereafter be arrested for
the same crime.
4.Forgery must be prosecuted in the country where the forgery was committed.
5.A state court action may involve an injury to a person or property, a breach of contract or a score of
other matters.
6.The state legislature has inherent power to define crimes and enact laws punishing them.

Task 7. Make the following sentences complete by translating the phrases in brackets.

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