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Appellate courts are divided into regional, territorial and military
courts of appeals. The courts of appeals review decisions of the district
courts within their areas.
At the bottom of the judicial pyramid are the district (town) courts
and military tribunals where litigation begins. Most litigation occurs in
these courts (97 % of all criminal cases and 99 % of all civil cases are
examined in the principal link of Ukrainian judicial system – the courts of
districts and towns).
There are also special trial courts that have jurisdiction over certain
types of cases. The special trial courts are organized in a system that looks
like the system of courts of general jurisdiction with a Supreme Court at
the top. The structure is the following: there are district administrative and
economic courts, appellate administrative and economic courts, and high
appellate administrative and economic courts.
The first appointment to the office of the judge is done by the
President of Ukraine. All the other judges except the judges of the
constitutional court are elected by the Verkhovna Rada. Judges shall hold
office until they die, retire, or resign.

Task 3. Answer the following questions.
1. What courts is the judiciary in Ukraine administered by?
2. Whose privilege is to declare unconstitutional any law
passed by Supreme Council of Ukraine?
3. Can the Constitutional Court or the Supreme Court declare
unconstitutional any order issued by the President?
4. How many judges does the Constitutional Court consist of?
5. What way are the judges elected?
6. Can you describe the pyramid of courts of general
jurisdiction?
7. What are the main functions of the Supreme Court of
Ukraine?
8. What body examines cases of particular complexity of
special public significance?
9. What may be done upon the initiative of the Procurator-
General of Ukraine?
10. Whose decisions do the courts of appeal review
within their areas?
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