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a grave crime тяжкий злочин
petty crime дрібний злочин
fine штраф
legal action/ suit позов, тяжба
offence правопорушення, злочин
offender правопорушник, злочинець
Task 2. Read and translate the text, write down all the unknown
words.
Judicial System of the USA and Great Britain
The Supreme Court is the highest judicial organ and the Supreme
Court Building is in Washington. The Supreme Court consists of the Chief
Justice of the US and eight Associate Justices. They are all appointed by
the President and approved by the Senate. The Supreme Court has the
right to declare unconstitutional any law passed by Congress or any order
issued by the President. This right of veto is widely used to block the
passage of any progressive bills. The USA is divided into eleven judicial
circuits and each one is served with a Federal Court of Appeals. As a rule
the Court of Appeals sits with three judges on the bench. There are about
90 district courts in different parts of the US. The district courts are the
lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil
cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court
where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called. There are
about two hundred district judges in the USA. Cases tried in the district
court may be appealed in one of the eleven Courts of appeal and in the
Supreme Court. The decision of the Supreme Court is final. In the USA
the judiciary is divided into the federal and state judiciary. Jurisdiction of
particular courts or judges is determined by either national or state
constitutions and laws. The state courts are organized in a system that
looks like the system of Federal Courts with a Supreme Court at the top.
In most of the states the lowest courts are the magistrates, or police courts.
The most common type of law court in England and Wales is the
magistrates' court. There are 700 magistrates' court there.
More serious criminal cases then go to the Crown Court, which has
90 branches in different towns and cities. Civil cases (for example, divorce
or bankruptcy cases) are dealt with in County courts.
Appeals are heard by higher courts. For example, appeals from
magistrates' court are heard in the Crown Court, unless they are appeals on

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