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… means/ indicates/ refers to/ distinguishes P from Q/ is used to refer to P.
… is employed here in its general (in Kuhn's) sense/ is reserved for P.
 This metaphor ...
… places focus on Р/ raises interesting questions.
… introduces the idea of «scripts».
… is usually characterized in terms of P.
… describe the behavior of/ represent conditions of/ are valid in P.
•  (On further reflection/ On a more general level, it becomes evident that) ...
 Our data permit two generalizations.
 This idea can be generalized to apply to P.
 This generalization ... explains why different species respond to P in different
ways.
 These properties ... can be elevated to the status of higher principles.
 Such phenomena ... can be understood as representations.
•  This/ Our conclusion ... is consistent with what is known about P.
 Our results/ interpretations ... agree/ contrast with previously published work.
 These calculations ... show agreement with experiments/ provide an insight into
P.
 These observations ... are compatible with P
 These judgments ... correlate with the attitude towards P.
 Such representation ... does not differ from earlier schemes for world
representation.
•  Now it should be clear (the fact is clear/ It is none the less clear) that P.
 It is (would be) accurate to say/ It cannot (can hardly) be denied that P.
 Certain elements of P are extremely stable.
 This system is constituted by certain relations.
 PP … are all alternatives.
 These rules operate according to certain conventions.
 These laws hold only in certain situations. In certain cases the converse may be
true.
 There must be certain features which are characteristic of P.
 P is almost certain to persist.
 Under certain circumstances, P happens/ takes place.
 These relations do not depend on P. It is P which is characteristic of Q.
 Although it is true that P, this tendency is slight. It is in principle possible to
reduce P to Q.
 There is no difference in principle between P and Q.
 There is nothing against assigning P to Q. There is a more plausible alternative
for P.
 There is no implication here that P. There are no more alternatives to P.
 There is no/ little connection/ distinction between the two phenomena.
•  We have put forward the view that P is distinct from Q.
 Our hypothesis ... is based on a careful estimate of P.
 These estimates ... confirm our hypothesis/ support our contention.
 Our proposals ... seem to solve the problem of P.

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