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the rig’s drawworks hoisting system. When assembling this rig, the outside structure,
made of prefabricated sections, is joined together with large pins.
The engine and derrick sections are put into position and pinned together by
the drilling crew. Next, the drawworks and engines are put into place. Finally, the
derrick section’s are laid Out horizontally and raised as a unit by the hoisting
line, traveling block and draw-works. line, traveling block and draw-works.
The engines drive the mud pumps and drawworks and provide power for
miscellaneous requirements like electricity. The drillstring is the entire rotating
assembly and consists of the kelly, drillpipe, drill collars, and drill bit.
The rotary drilling rig uses a drill bit to cut through the earth and create a hole.
As the hole gets deeper, pipe is added to the drill bit to allow it to dig further. These
lengths of drill pipe form the drill string. This pipe is connected to an engine that
turns the drill bit to cut the hole. The rotary rig operates the same as a hand-held
electric drill. The electric drill has a motor that turns the drill bit and sufficient weight
must be applied to keep the drill in contact with the bottom of the hole.

Speaking Section

13 Make up a dialogue on the following situation and talk to your friend. Let
one of your group mates translate the dialogue consecutively.

You are visiting a drilling rig. Ask your guide to give you general information about
the main components of drilling rigs. Try to get as more information as possible.

Grammar Section

Numerals
A numeral is a figure, a letter, a word (or their combinations) representing a
number. Cardinal numerals indicate number, quantity or amount and are used in
counting. Ordinal numerals indicate order, that is, the order of things in a series.
Numerals can be written in figures or words (2 or two; 25 or twenty-five; 17th or
seventeenth).
Numerals function as nouns and adjectives. In a sentence, a numeral can serve as a
subject, attribute, object, predicative complement, or adverbial modifier.
Fractions( Дроби)
The numerator of the fraction is expressed by a cardinal numeral, and the
denominator is expressed by an ordinal numeral. The suffixes "rd, th, ths" are not
written in the denominator of the fractions written in figures (1/3; 1/5; 3/7), but such
fractions are pronounced in the same way as fractions written in words (one-third;
one-fifth; three-sevenths).
Common fractions are usually written out in words. Mixed numbers may be
written out in words if short but are often written in figures. Fractions are generally
hyphenated, except in those cases where the numerator or the denominator is already

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