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are correlated to terms. They name anew already existing concepts, tools or
instruments and have the typical properties of a special code. The main feature of a
professionalism is its technicality. Let us compare professionalisms and terms:

Terms Professionalisms
Special words in the literary layer that are Special words in non-literary layer whose
easily decoded because their semantic semantic structure is dim, generally they
structure is transparent, they often enter remain in circulation within a definite
the neutral stratum. community.

Examples of professionalisms:
Roustabout – a worker on an offshore rig who handles the equipment and
supplies that are sent to the rig from the shore base.
Toolpusher – an employee of a drilling contract who is in charge of the entire
drilling crew and the drilling rig.
Slang – words that are not considered to be part of a standard vocabulary of a
language and that are used very informally in speech especially by a particular group
of people.

Examples of slang:
Fish – any object that has been unintentionally dropped and lost down the
wellbore. Fishing is the act of using specialized tools to retrieve a fish.
Worm – an inexperienced oilfield worker that is not yet a "hand".
Pig – a device with blades or brushes inserted into a pipeline or cleaning
purposes. The pressure of the oil or gas behind pushes the pig along to clean out rust,
wax, scale and debris.
Personification is a figure of speech in which a thing, an idea or an animal is
given human attributes. The non-human objects are portrayed in such a way that we
feel they have the ability to act like human beings. For example, when we say, “The
sky weeps” we are giving the sky the ability to cry, which is a human quality. Thus,
we can say that the sky has been personified in the given sentence.
Examples of metaphors:
The bottom of the stack will sit in the cellar, below ground level.
The oil industry extended its search for oil and gas to all corners of the globe.

14 Define whether the following words are terms or professionalisms and translate
them into Ukrainian.
Derrick, toolpusher, mast, joint, to make hole, drawworks, polyurethane, cat line,
doghouse, casing, kelly, roustabout, seismic records, trip, blowout, associated gas.

15 Find and explain stylistic means that are used in the following sentences.
1 The rig boss may have the intriguing title of “toolpusher"; or, rig workers may call
him or her the “rig superintendent," or the “rig manager."
2 Nowadays, the drilling industry leans towards the term rig superintendent or rig
manager for the person in charge.

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