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7.3 Synonymy in Terminology
Even though theoretically a concept is expressed by a single
designation, in reality there are alternative designations for a single
concept and the designation of two different concepts can
coincide, even within the same special field. Broadly speaking,
two units designating the same concept are synonyms. For
example: mathematical modeling – computational experiment –
computer simulation( машинне моделювання (процесів);
international education – global education; technical architecture
– system architecture; windshield – windscreen; computed
tomography – computed axial tomography – computerized axial
tomography – computerized tomography; academic – scholarly –
scientific; technique – method – approach – algorithm; formula –
equation; analysis – study – investigation – research; machine –
device – apparatus; mean – average – estimate; security –
protection encryption; authentication – verification; recognition
– identification; discussion – dialogue; dispute – debate; speed
– velocity.
In a strict sense, however, physicists would say that ‘speed’
is just the magnitude of a ‘velocity’ vector. Also, specialists in
operations research would point out that ‘computational
experiment’ and ‘computer simulation’ are two different terms.
That’s why we differentiate total and partial synonyms, the former
having all meaning parts identical (descriptive, social and
expressive meaning), the latter sharing just some and to a various
extent. As suggested earlier, there are not many full synonyms
with the same intension (meaning traits) and distribution (potential
to be used in the same contexts): causal link – causal connection –
causal nexus; aid post – aid station (медичний пункт); factory
accident – industrial accident (несчастний випадок на
виробництві); acoustic alarm – audible alarm – audio alarm
(звуковий сигнал тривоги).
Partial synonyms have some differences in meanings for
example: term – condition – warranty. These three terms are

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