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`LECTURE 2
                                    ETYMOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
                              MODERN ENGLISH AND UKRAINIAN VOCABULARY

                                  1. Etymological peculiarities of the English and Ukrainian
                            vocabulary
                                  2. Types of borrowings
                                  3. Assimilation of borrowings
                                  4. Etymological doublets
                                  5. Translation-loans

                                  Key  terms:  native  word,  loan  word,  translation-loan,
                            assimilation, etymological doublet

                                  1.  Etymological  peculiarities  of  the  English  and
                            Ukrainian vocabulary
                                  According  to  the  Dictionary  of  Language  Teaching  and
                            Applied  Linguistics,  etymology  —  the  study  of  the  origin  of
                            words,  and  their  history  and  changes  in  their  meaning.
                            Etymologically the vocabulary of the language is far from being
                            homogeneous. It consists of two layers – the native stock and the
                            borrowed stock of words.
                                  A native word is a word which belongs to the original stock
                            (native element), as known from the earliest available manuscripts
                            of the Old period.
                                  A  loan  word,  borrowed  word  or  borrowing  is  a  word
                            taken  over  from  another  language  and  modified  in  phonemic
                            shape, spelling, paradigm or meaning according to the standards of
                            the language.
                                  Native  words  comprise  only  30%  of  the  total  number  of
                            words  in  the  English  vocabulary  but  the  native  words  form  the
                            bulk  of  the  most  frequent  words  actually  used  in  speech  and
                            writing. The native element in English embraces a large number of
                            high-frequency  words  like  the  articles,  prepositions,  pronouns,













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