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one  correspondence  not only  between  the  semantic  structures  of
                            correlated  words  but  also  between  seemingly  identical  and
                            correlated  meanings  of  contrasted  words.  For  example:  укр.
                            широкий  and  the  English  words  wide,  broad,  large,  extensive,
                            generous — are not semantically identical because Ukrainian word
                            широкий  is  used  to  describe  both  humans  and  objects
                            indiscriminately  (широка  жінка  “товста”;  широка  вулиця,
                            двері),  whereas  the  English  word  wide  does  not  contain  the
                            semantic component human.
                                  Some  American  psycholinguists  (C.E.  Osgood,  G.J.  Suci,
                            P.H.  Tannenbaum)  set  up  a  technique  known  as  semantic
                            differential  by  means  of  which,  as  they  claim,  meaning  can  be
                            measured.  It  is  perfectly  clear,  however,  that  what  semantic
                            differential measures is not word meaning in any of the accepted
                            senses of the term but the connotational component of meaning or,
                            to  be  more  exact,  the  emotive  charge.  Their  technique  requires
                            informations to judge a series of concepts with respect to a set of
                            antonymic (opposite) adjective scales. This technique we can use
                            for the fiction translation. For example: a concept like англ. dog is
                            to be rated in terms of the degree to which it is good or bad; fast or
                            slow; kind or angry; big or small etc.
                                  The    transformational      analysis    in   lexicological
                            investigation  may  be  defined  as  repatterning  of  various
                            distributional  structures  in  order  to  discover  difference  or
                            sameness  of  meaning  of  practically  identical  distributional
                            patterns. Briefly, any transformation is a form of expressing some
                            definite meaning. The simplest transformation is transcoding (for
                            example:  англ.  Liverpool,  London,  Wales;  укр.  Ліверпуль,
                            Лондон,  Уельс).  The  transformational  method  is  employed  to
                            identify the nature of a language unit in the source language or in a
                            target  language.  Ukrainian  sentence  “Знаю,  прийду”  may
                            understand and treat differently: a) as a definite personal sentence
                            with two homogeneous predicates; b) as a definite personal main
                            sentence  (why  shall  I  come?)  because  (I  know  it);  c)  as  two













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