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4.5 Calculations for cut and crushing


             The  common  feature  of  connections  in  detachable  and  non
           detachable  nodes  of  engineering  structures  is  that  there  are  two
           types  of  deformations  that  arise  in  them  -  namely,  cutting
           deformation  (which  can  transform  into  the  cut)  and  crushing
           deformation.
             Cutting  deformation  -  a  plastic  deformation  or  fracture
           deformation that arises in the loaded body after shear deformation.
             Crushing  deformation  -  a  local  deformation  with  (contact)
           character when compressing force acts on a small area of the body.
           Usually  this  compression  deformation  is  along  the  planes  of
           pressure transmission by one structural element to another.


















                                      Figure 4.4











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