Page 65 - 4723
P. 65

there are very few modal words that have developed from verbs,
                             compare: maybe.

                                 4. Words of the category of state (statives or ad links)

                                   In  modern  English  there  exists  a  certain  class  of  words
                             such as asleep, alive, afloat, which is characterized by:
                             1) the lexico-grammatical meaning of “state”. He is asleep=He is
                             in a state of sleep;
                             2) the productive prefix a-: swim – aswim, shiver – ashiver,etc;
                             3)  peculiar  combinability:  words  of  this  class  are  associated
                             almost exclusively with link-verbs: to be alive, to fall asleep, etc.;
                             4) the main syntactic function of the predicative complement.
                                   A class of words united by such features may be regarded as
                             a separate part of speech. B. O. Ilysh has called it “a category of
                             state”. V. V. Vinogradov, for example, calls them “words of the
                             category  of  state”,  though  many  linguists  object  to  their  being
                             considered  a  separate  part  of  speech.  Other  Russian  linguist
                             B. Khaimovich and B. Rogovskaya use a hardier term “ad links”
                             by analogy with adverbs. English ad links do not have grammatical
                             categories.  The  peculiar  feature  of  the  Ukrainian  language
                             concerning the state expression is the fact that here   the state is
                             represented as something closer to the action and is rendered with
                             the help of words, meant to express the action, that is verbs.
                                   The  question  of  singling  out  the  category  of  state  as  a
                             separate  part  of  speech  has  not  been  finally  solved  yet  by
                             Ukrainian  grammarians.  B.  M.  Kulyk  treats  positively  the  issue
                             concerning  singling  out  the  category  of  state  in  Ukrainian  and
                             includes into this class the following groups of words:
                                   1)  words  expressing  the  mental  and  physical  states  of  a
                             person or of any living creature altogether, e.g. боязко, приємно,
                             страшно, чутно, шкода and others;
                                   2)  words  denoting  the  nature  state:  темно,  зелено,
                             барвисто;



















                                                           64
   60   61   62   63   64   65   66   67   68   69   70