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24. Which are the positive/negative points that the writer makes? What linking words
has he used to link contrasting ideas? similar ideas?
STYLE
Informal Style Formal Style
1. Abbreviations: I’ve got 1. No abbreviations: I have got
2. Simple linking words: but, so, and, etc. 2. Formal linking words: despite.
3. Shorter sentences: I’d like to see you. 3. Longer sentences.
4. Personal tone: I’ve got some great news. 4. Impersonal tone: passive.
5. Everyday expressions: Thanks a lot. 5. Formal expressions: I look forward to
hearing.
25. Replace the informal phrases with appropriate formal ones.
Informal Formal
I’ve written this report to tell you … The aim of this report is to assess …
There are lots of Indian dishes.
It’s a bit pricey.

We couldn’t see well.
If you like Italian food, you should go
there.
26. Are these statements about writing informal letters true or false?
1. It’s normal to use contractions, like they’re for they are, in informal letters. T/F
2. You don’t need to use paragraphs in informal letters. T/F
3. Planning what to write is less important for informal letters than for formal letters. T/F
4. You should try to make informal letters as interesting as possible, for example by
using a range of verbs and adjectives. T/F
5. The most common tense used in informal letters is the Present Continuous. T/F
6. Informal letters tend to be shorter than formal letters. T/F
7. You should think carefully about the reader of informal letters. T/F
Clauses of Concession
27. Joint the sentences using words from the list, as in the example.
Furthermore; however; despite the fact; in addition; although; what’s more
1. The staff were courteous and helpful. The service was slow at times.
The staff were courteous and helpful although the service was slow at times.
Despite the fact that the staff were courteous and helpful, the service was slow at times.
The staff were courteous and helpful. However, the service was slow at times.
2. The restaurant offers a wide variety of main courses. There was little choice for dessert.
3. The food was very reasonably priced. Drinks were cheap.
4. It is in a poor location. The exterior of the building looks shabby and run down.
5. The lights were too bright. The restaurant has a pleasant atmosphere.
6. It offers a wide variety of Japanese and Thai food. There are some English dishes for the
less adventurous.
28. Read the report of the assistant manager of Marco’s, a fast food restaurant which
is part of a large chain about assessing the food and prices, service and atmosphere,
and suggesting some changes that he thinks need to be made.
To: Mrs D.Brown, Manager, Marco’s restaurant
From: Pete Mitchell, Assistant Manager
Subject: Assessment report of Marco’s suggesting changes
Introduction. As requested, this report was carried out to assess Marco’s and to make
suggestions in order to improve the restaurant.
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