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measurement. It is sometimes designated as E .
90
In surveying, the 90 percent error is a useful criterion for rating
surveying methods. For example, suppose a distance of 100.0 ft is
measured. If it is said that the 90 percent error in one taping operation,

using a 100 ft tape, is ± 0.01 ft, it means that the likelihood is 90
percent that the actual distance is within the range of 100.00 ± 0.01 ft.
Likewise, there will remain a 10 percent chance that the error will

exceed 0.01 ft. It is sometimes called maximum anticipated errors.

V. INDIVIDUAL WORK

Task 1 Complete the text with the words from the box and

translate it into Ukrainian.

be caused by; go unnoticed; redundant measurements;
getting rid of; occur; proper training;
finding mistakes.

Prevention of mistakes

A mistake is a "blunder," a "goof," a "slip-up." Mistakes

_______in both counting and measuring, and in a lot of other things.
Mistakes in measurement can be traced to carelessness, inattention,
improper training, bad habits, lack of innate ability, poor judgment,

adverse measuring or observing conditions, and various negative
attitudes, emotions and perceptions that plague humans. Mistakes can
_________making a decision without sufficient information or

evidence.
Many mistakes are easily recognized and realized. Others may
have such small effects that they_________. An example in
measurement would be transposing the last two digits in a large

number like 1,834.65 feet. Others, based more on judgment or acting
without complete information, may not have immediate, or consistent,
consequences.

Mistakes will never be completely eliminated from
measurements, but they can be reduced in most cases by developing
the measurer in a way that he or she learns to be more careful,
attentive, conscientious and proud of the work being done. Through

___________and development of good work habits, development and
maintenance of positive attitudes, and understanding the theory and
practice involved with the variable being measured, mistakes can be

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