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Introduction

An understanding of the laws of thermodynamics and the flow of thermal energy
(heat) is important to all fields of engineering because these laws are of controlling
importance in the design, construction and operation of the many equipment and
apparatus required in scientific and industrial technology. Every engineer can expect to
be confronted, from time to time, with problems relating to the efficient using, control
and regulation of thermal energy and diverse forms of heat exchange.
The study of thermodynamics in relation to engineering applications will provide
knowledge related to understanding of energy role in today’s society.
Thermodynamics is the science that deals with energy transformations, including
heat and work, and the physical properties of substances which are involved in energy
transformations. Engineering thermodynamics is the part of the science which pertains
to all types of heat engines, turbines, compressors, refrigeration, air conditioning,
combustion, chemical processing plants, and the physical properties of substances used
in these applications.
The study of any science should begin with the acceptance of certain terms as being
undefined on the verbal level. Precise definitions of other terms must then be
established work in relation to the undefined terms. Definitions are most valuable if
they are operational.
An operational definition includes directions for measuring the defined quantity or
for testing an event or object to see if it fits the definition.
In this synopsis, terms which will be accepted as undefined verbally are time, length,
temperature, mass, and force.
The objective of the studying the thermodynamics are quantitative evaluation of
energy stored, converted and transferred.
Thermal systems engineering is concerned with how energy is utilized to
accomplish beneficial functions in industry, transportation, and the home, and also the
role energy plays in the study of human, animal, and plant life.
In industry, thermal systems are found in electric power generating plants, chemical
processing plants, and in manufacturing facilities. Our transportation needs are met by
various types of engines, power converters, and cooling equipment.
In the home, appliances such as ovens, refrigerators, and furnaces represent thermal
systems, ice rinks, snow-making machines, and other recreational uses involve thermal
systems.

A Scope
Thermal systems involve the storage, transfer, and conversion of energy.
Energy can be stored within a system in different forms, such as kinetic energy and
gravitational potential energy. Energy also can be stored within the matter making up
the system.
Energy can be transferred between a system and its surroundings by work, heat
transfer, and the flow of hot or cold streams of matter.

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