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CONTENT

Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3
1. Fundamental concepts and definitions
1.1 Thermodynamic system…………………………………………………………..5
1.2 Thermal variables of state or thermodynamic coordinate
of the system and relation between them………………………………………..7
1.3 Equation of the state of an ideal gas……………………………………………....9
1.4 Gas mixtures……………………………………………………………………..10
1.5 Caloric variables of state………………………………………………………....11
1.6 Heat and work…………………………………………………………………....13
1.7 The First law of thermodynamics………………..…………………….…………19
1.8 Second law of thermodynamics………………………………………..………..22
2. Analyzing of the ideal gas main thermodynamic processes
2.1 Thermodynamic process at constant volume………………………………….…23
2.2 Thermodynamic process at constant pressure…………………………………...23
2.3 Isothermal process of a gas………………………………………………………24
2.4 Adiabatic process of gas…………………………………………………………24
2.5 Polytrophic process of gas…………………………………………………….…25
3. Reversible and irreversible processes and cycle
3.1 Carnot cycle………………………………………………………………….….26
3.2 Reversible processes. Entropy………………………………………………….28
3.3 Irreversible processes. The mathematical expression
of the second law of thermodynamics…………………………………….……29
4. Basic considerations in the analysis of power cycles……………….…………....30
4.1 An overview of reciprocating engines………………………………………….31
4.2 Otto cycle……………………………………………………….……………….32
4.3 Diesel cycle………………………………………………….…………………..34
4.4 Limited pressure cycle or dual cycle…………………………...……………..…35
4.5 Analysis of power cycles…………………………………………………….….36
4.6 Gas turbine cycle……………………………………………………………...…37
5.Thermodynamics of gas compressor
5.1Applications of gas compressors……………………………………………...….40
5.2 Reciprocating compressors……………………………………………………....41
5.3 Clearance volume effect………………………………………………………....43
5.4 Multi-stage compressor……………………………………………………….…44
5.5 Rotary and turbo compressors………………………………………………...…45
Thermodynamics definitions ………………………………………………......46

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