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that most petroleum geological work has a time constraint
(which is also a financial constraint) and so the conclusions may
be based on inadequate data. Much of this work is carried out in
parts of the world that would otherwise have waited decades for
investigation, and it is carried out with time limitations. The
danger of false inference is always present. When such work
finds its way into print, the conclusions are likely to be accepted
by geologists with no local knowledge.
The great advances in geological knowledge, thought and
th
understanding during the 19 century are attributable largely to
the construction of coal mines, railways and canals. A study of
petroleum geology suggests that the construction of boreholes in
th
the 20 century has not contributed as much to modern
geological thought as could, and that some of the difficulties we
encounter are due to the extension of concepts developed from
surface and near-surface geology to the subsurface, and a failure
to revise these concepts in the light of the borehole data.

TEXT №2.

1. Read the text.
2. Find the key sentence in each paragraph and translate it into
Ukrainian.

An oil or gas field is a petroleum accumulation that has
been discovered and found to contain enough petroleum of
sufficient quality to be worth more in the market place than the
total cost of getting it there. It remains an oil or gas field until the
value of the production in the market place no longer exceeds
adequately the cost of getting it there. It is then abandoned. It is
not therefore a purely geological entity, but one that involves
engineering, transport, marketing, finance and economics.
During its life it involves people with a great range of skills in
the various activities required. These people require the same
varieties of goods and services as people in other activities, and
so oil and gas fields include houses, shops, schools, recreation,
and the power to run these. The only difference between an oil-
field community and others is, perhaps, that the average age is