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ЧАСТИНА II

Тексти з різних галузей науки і техніки для перекладу
(добірку текстів зроблено з джерела [1] cписку основної
літератури).

1. AGRICULTURE

Soil Pollution

The increasing amounts of fertilizers and other agricultural
chemicals applied to soils since World War II ended in 1945, plus
industrial and domestic waste-disposal practices, led by the mid-1960s
to increasing concern over soil pollution. Soil pollution is the buildup in

soils of persistent toxic compounds, chemicals, salts, radioactive
materials, or disease-causing agents, which have adverse effects on plant
growth and animal health. As of now, soil pollution is not widespread.

Although the application of fertilizers containing the primary nutrients,
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, has not led to soil pollution, the
application of trace elements has. The irrigation of arid lands often leads
to pollution with salts. Sulfur from industrial wastes has polluted soils in

the past, as has the accumulation of arsenic compounds in soils
following years of spraying crops with lead arsenate. The application of
pesticides has also led to short-term soil pollution.

2. ECONOMICS

Accelerator and Multiplier Effects

Basic to all theories of business-cycle fluctuations and their causes

is the relationship between investment and consumption. New
investments have what is called a multiplier effect: that is, investment
money paid to wage earners and suppliers becomes income to them and

then, in turn, becomes income to others as the wage earners or suppliers
spend most of their earnings. An expanding ripple effect is thus set into
motion.

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