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specific subject, so that studying for it is more a question of
completing sample tests to learn strategies than it is of learning
facts. There is also a range of specialized tests in specific subjects;
these are not required, but can often make a difference in a
student's acceptance to a preferred university. Students can take
the exams repeatedly until they achieve the scores they want.
A different set of optional exams, called Advanced Placement
exams, are a means for students to place out of some of the
compulsory subjects at a university, such as English composition,
algebra, or foreign languages. A good score on an AP exam proves
a certain level of knowledge of a given subject, so that the student
does not have to take any basic courses in that subject.
To be accepted into a graduate study program, students must
take the GRE after completing a bachelor's degree (or in their
senior year). This is also a general exam that tests verbal and
mathematical skills. Some graduate programs, such as law and
medical schools, have specialized national exams.

GLOSSARY OF AMERICAN TERMS

adjunct professor
a professor at a college or university who is not a full, permanent
member of the faculty.
all-nighter
when a student stays up all night to finish an essay or study for a
test.
assistant professor
the third highest rank in the faculty at a college or university,
below associate professor and above instructor.
associate professor
the second highest rank in the faculty at a college or university,
below professor and above assistant professor.
campus
the land and buildings that make up a school, college, or
university. The terms on-campus and off-campus are used to talk
about where students live or work.
counselor
a school or college official who gives students advice on academic
and career matters. Some schools also have psychological