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achieved by good illumination. Because of this, in all developed countries there are
lighting standards and in some cases, have the force of law or standard. In Ukraine,
the norms of illumination of DBN V.2.5-28-2018 “Natural and artificial lighting”,
which cover the natural and artificial lighting of industrial enterprises, open-air

workplaces, public and residential buildings, streets, roads and squares of settlements,
are adopted.
These norms are cross-sectoral. On their basis, industry standards of
illumination for machine-building, gas-oil, chemical, and other industries are
developed. In the DBN V.2.5-28-2018, the annexes contain recommended standards
for illumination, the coefficient of natural light for various industrial premises and
buildings, as well as the main premises of public, residential, auxiliary buildings.
The smallest illumination of working surfaces is determined by DBN V.2.5-28-
2018 depending on:
- the characteristics of the visual work due to the smallest size of the object of
recognition, that is, the smallest size of the working parts, which, at a distance of 0.5
m, determines their angular size;
- contrast object recognition with the background;
- characteristics of the background.
This takes into account the type of lighting (natural, artificial, combined), the
artificial lighting system (general or combined), etc.
DBN V.2.5-28-2018 provides 8 levels (classes) of visual work for industrial
enterprises, which in turn are subdivided into subclasses.

DBN V.2.5-28-2018 provides standardization for visual work (from A to H
levels ) for the premises of residential, public and administrative buildings.

Normalized lighting characteristics indoors and outdoors can be provided
either as workplace lighting fixtures or with illuminating with safety lights and (or)
evacuation lighting.

9.5 Natural Illumination

One of the main issues of work is to ensure sustainable lighting production
facilities and jobs.
Industrial lighting, properly designed and implemented, resolves the following
issues:
- improving the conditions of visual work;
- reducing fatigue of workers;
- improving productivity and quality of products;
- positive effect on the working environment, which, in turn, has a positive
psychological impact on workers;
- increasing labor safety and reducing injuries in the workplace.

The premises with the constant presence of people must have, as a rule, natural
lighting. It is allowed to design premises without natural lighting in certain cases.

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