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LECTURE 2
                                              METODS OF INVESTIGATION

                                  Various analysis of investigation in stylistics

                                  The  process  of  scientific  investigation  may  be  subdivided
                            into several stages. Observation is an early and basic phase of all
                            modern  scientific  investigations,  including  linguistic,  and  is  the
                            centre of what is called the inductive method of inquiry. The next
                            stage after observation is classification, or orderly arrangement of
                            the  data  obtained  through  observation.  The  following  stage  is
                            usually  generalization,  i.  e.  collection  of  data  and  their  orderly
                            arrangement  must  eventually  lead  to  formulation  of  a
                            generalization.
                                  Contrastive  typological  investigations  are  carried  out  with
                            the help of several methods.
                                  The  distributional  analysis  in  its  various  forms  is
                            commonly used nowadays by lexicologists of different schools of
                            thought. By the term “distribution” we understand the occurance
                            of a lexical unit relative to other lexical units of the same level. It
                            is readily observed that a certain component of the word meaning
                            described  when  the  word  is    identified  distributionally.  For
                            example, in the sentence “The boy — home” the missing word is
                            easily  identified  as  a  verb  —  “  The  boy  went  (came,  ran,  etc.)
                            home”.  Thus,  we  see  that  the  component  of  meaning  that  is
                            distributionally  identified  is  actually  the  part-of-speech  meaning
                            but not any individual lexical meaning of the word under analysis.
                            It  is  assumed  that  sameness  and  difference  in  distribution  is
                            indicative  of  sameness  and  difference  in  the  part-of-speech
                            meaning.
                                  We can easily  find Ukrainian equivalents of  many English
                            words; distributional method shows that they may be equivalents
                            only  in  some  surroundings  and  can  not  coincide  with  in  other
                            situations.













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