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developed a negative evaluative connotation which was absent in
                            the first meaning.
                                  Tory: brigand > member of the Tories; knight: manservant >
                            noble, courageous man.



                                  2. Homonymy
                                  Homonyms  are  words  which  are  identical  in  sound  and
                            spelling, or, at least, in one of these aspects, but different in their
                            meaning  (e.g.  bank,  n.  –  a  shore;  bank,  n.  –  an  institution  for
                            receiving, lending, exchanging, and safeguarding money; ball, n. –
                            a sphere; any spherical body; ball, n. – a large dancing party
                                  The most widely accepted classification of homonyms is that
                            recognizing homonyms proper, homophones and homographs.
                                  Homonyms proper (or perfect, absolute) are words identical
                            in pronunciation and spelling but different in meaning (e.g. back n.
                            "part of the body" – back adv. "away from the front"- back v. "go
                            back"; bear n. "animal" – bear v. "carry, tolerate").
                                  Homophones are words of the same sound but of different
                            spelling  and  meaning  (e.g.  buy  v.  –  by  prep.;  him  pr.  –  hymn
                            церковний гімн n.; piece n. – peace n.; rite обряд n. – write v. –
                            right adj.).
                                  The  following  joke  is  based on a pun which  makes use of
                            homophones:
                                  "Waiter!"
                                  "Yes, sir."
                                  "What's this?"
                                  "It's bean soup, sir."
                                  "Never  mind  what  it  has  been.  I  want  to  know  what  it  is
                            now."
                                  Homographs are words different in sound and in meaning
                            but accidentally identical n spelling (e.g. bow [bau], v. – to incline
                            the head or body in salutation; bow [bou], n. – a flexible strip of













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