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perpendicular to the axis of the spring (Fig. 10.1, a) and,
accordingly, the number of working turns;
G – wire material displacement module (for steel
G=78400MPa);
F n – force of the inter-pressure spring of the spring, which
works on tension with the initial stretch:
F n = F 3/3, if d5mm,
F n=F 3/4, if d5mm. (10.6)

Deformation of the spring l, caused by efforts F, are
determined by the formula:
8F p d c 3 n
 l  , (11.7)
Gd 4
where F p – estimated effort (for spring that works in
compression F p=F, for a spring that works on tension with an
initial stretch F p=F- F n, with what FF n the spring does not
deform).
The process of manufacturing a twisted cylindrical
spring consists of the following operations: winding, end
finishes, thermal treatment (in certain cases), artificial
mechanical aging (compression, dislocation); protective
coating, control and testing.
The most responsible operation in the manufacture of springs is
the process of guiding, which is carried out in two ways;
bracing and hopping.
When hanging on a mandrel the latter is secured in a
lathe cartridge; the mandrel is supported with the help of the
back leg. The tension wire is passed between two textolite or
copper mandrels, fixed in the tool holder. The specified step
speed is due to the step of the propeller. The diameter of the
mandrel should be less than the diameter of the spring.
Non-refundable method of guiding - the main way of
guiding springs in mass production. Mostly unsubstantiated
winding is carried out on spring-nailing machines.
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