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The object of the offense is those social relations regulated and
protected by law, and which are damaged by unlawful actions or
inactivity. While committing an offense, a person inflicts some kind of
damage not only the law and order formed in the society, but also the

citizens' sense of justice, as well as their subjective rights.
The subjects of the offense are individuals and legal entities that
have the ability and capability to bear legal liability for their unlawful

acts (delict capability).
The objective side of the offense is its external characteristic,
external description of the wrongful act committed by the person. The
elements constituting the objective side of the offense are usually

considered the following: a) the very wrongful act or inactivity; b)
damage caused by this action or inactivity for social relations; c) the
existence of causal links between the committed unlawful act and the

harm done; d) time, place and other circumstances where an unlawful
act was committed; e) methods and means of committing an offense.
The subjective aspect of the offense indicates the mental state of

the person at the time of committing the offense. Its content includes
one of the forms of guilt (intention or negligence) of the subject of an
unlawful act, which is a prerequisite or reason for involving him/her in

legal liability.
Guilt is the most important part of the subjective side of the
offense. The purpose and the grounds for committing the offense are
considered in the scientific and educational literature as the additional

elements of guilt. They are called optional, in other words, they are
not always necessary for recognizing the act as the offense.
An example of using such elements can be the qualification of a

number of crimes committed in the economic, financial and some
other spheres of society.
Offenses are classified in different ways: depending on the
nature of the offenses, the degree of their harmfulness and the danger

to social relations, as well as the nature of the sanctions applied for
their commission. In accordance with this criterion, all offenses are
divided into crimes and guilt.

Criminals are prohibited socially dangerous, offensive acts
according to the Criminal Code that cause significant damage to
social relations and the rule of law formed in the society. The most

stringent coercive measures are used for any crimes – penal sanctions,

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