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may indicate an inappropriate model (which may alert engineers to unpredicted instabilities or
performance outside of tolerances), failed components, or an inadequate control system.

Radiography in medicine

Chest radiography indicating a peripheral bronchial carcinoma.

As a system, the human body is difficult to model as a complete transfer function.
Elements of the body, however, such as bones or molecules, have a known response to certain
radiographic inputs, such as x-rays or magnetic resonance. Coupled with the controlled
introduction of a known element, such as digested barium, radiography can be used to image
parts or functions of the body by measuring and interpreting the response to the radiographic
input. In this manner, many bone fractures and diseases may be detected and localized in
preparation for treatment. X-rays may also be used to examine the interior of mechanical
systems in manufacturing using NDT techniques, as well.

Applications
NDT is used in a variety of settings that covers a wide range of industrial activity, with
new NDT methods and applications, being continuously developed. NDT services are not
only integrated with Asset Integrity Management (AIM) solutions, but also with Material
Testing laboratories and seamlessly fit into

Methods and techniques

An example of a 3D replicating technique.

The flexible high-resolution replicas allow surfaces to be examined and measured under
laboratory conditions. A replica can be taken from all solid materials.

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