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3 Make a written translation of the following:

Sensors and actuators
Industrial instrumentation includes inputs (sensors) and outputs (actuators) and all the
"stuff" in between. Rosemount started with specialty temperature sensors (RTDs) and then
grew with the development of its capacitive differential pressure transducers, rapidly
overtaking the traditional leaders-Foxboro and Honeywell. The company was eventually
acquired by Emerson, which also acquired other innovative sensor companies, such as Brooks
(flow), Beckman (pH), and the like.
At the actuator end of the automation business, Fisher Controls was started in Iowa,
making innovative valves and actuators. This company was also acquired by Emerson, which
now had sensors and actuators. Interestingly, Rosemount and Fisher tried to grow by
branching out into DCS, but their offerings were relatively insignificant till Emerson put them
together with PCs and software to generate leadership with the combination that is now
Emerson Process Systems.
Future growth
Extrapolating automation history forward is an interesting challenge. In the past, growth
inflection points have developed from innovative products (DCS, PLC, sensors, actuators, and
software). Today, growth is coming primarily from global expansion and services.

4 Put questions to each part of Text 2 and retell it in English.

5 Give antonyms to the words.

significant, improved, development, strong, hard, industry, remain, discrete, remote, connect,
rapidly, rise, loose, different, software, few, security.

6 Make the following phrases complete and translate them into Ukrainian.

1. Many industrial companies were based on … for niche applications.
2. … provided the opportunity to test new ideas, usually targeting specific unmet needs.
3. The founder … the company beyond the initial entrepreneurial stages.
4. The exception to the small-company innovation rule was … , a well-managed mix of
several innovations developed in the 1970s by a team of engineers within Honeywell.
5. The other major product segment to achieve significance was … .
6. This breakthrough innovation was … of inventor Dick Morley, who worked for a small
development company, Bedford Associates, and was associated with Modicon (now part of
Schneider).
7. The first PLCs were developed for specific applications-reprogrammable test
installations in …, replacing hard-wired relay-logic, which was hard to modify.
8. Initially, PLC applications remained focused around … , while DCS expanded primarily
in process control systems.
9. Then PLCs expanded into … that could be easily connected as industrial networks.
10. Soon personal computers became the easiest way … into the rapidly expanding
hierarchy of industrial networks, giving rise to a variety of "fieldbus" developments.

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