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5. before superlatives and ordinal numbers:

the highest building, the first page, the last chapter.

6. with adjectives, to refer to a whole group of people:

the Japanese, the old

7. with names of geographical areas and oceans:

the Caribbean, the Sahara, the Atlantic

8. with decades, or groups of years:

she grew up in the seventies

a/an

Use 'a' with nouns starting with a consonant (letters that are not
vowels),
'an' with nouns starting with a vowel (a,e,i,o,u)

Examples A car
A boy An orange
An apple A house
An opera

NOTE:
An before an h mute - an hour, an honour.
A before u and eu when they sound
like 'you': a european, a university, a unit

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