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for mapping or artillery control purposes while the determination of
the precise size and shape of the Earth was a purely scientific role.
However, modern requirements for distance and direction require both
the practical and scientific applications of the science to provide the

answers to problems in such fields as satellite tracking, global
navigation and defensive missile operations. As positioning and
navigation have become fundamental to the functions of society,

geodesy has become increasingly important.

Task 3. Answer the questions to the text.
1. How is geodesy used in engineering construction?

2. What is the role of geodesy in transportation and navigation
safety?
3. Is geodesy used in resource development and how?

4. How do people apply geodesy technologies for defense?

Task 4. Define whether the following statements are true or
false and translate them. Correct the false ones according to
the text.

1. Paleontology is used to understand physical processes on,
above, and within the Earth.

2. Geodesy is the theoretical foundation of surveying.
3. In engineering construction the important roles of geodesy are
to build a special control network for observing deformation of

buildings.
4. Geodetic surveying and positioning technology helps to
improve navigation safety and traffic efficiency.

5. Mineralogy is used in disaster prevention like earthquakes,
floods, severe tropical storms, landslides, mud flow.
6. Geodetic technologies are never used for boundary
demarcation and defense.

II. LEXICAL EXERCISES

Task 1. Complete the sentences according to the texts above.

1. ___ is the “the science of the measurement and mapping of

the Earth’s surface”.
2. Geodetic surveying and ___ has provided important
guarantees for improving navigation safety, traffic efficiency and

decreasing traffic accidents.
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