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GRAMMAR FOCUS
The Numeral

Task 1. Study the following vocabulary.
ADDITION
2+3=5 – two plus three is five a+b=c – a plus b equals c
SUBTRACTION
8-4=4 – eight minus four is four a-b=c – a minus b is equal to c
MULTIPLICATION
11∙7=77 – eleven multiplied by seven equals a∙b=c – a multiplied by b equals c
seventy seven
DIVISION
15:3=5 – fifteen divided by three is (equals)
five
INVOLUTION
4
2
3
b
2 – two squard 4 – four cubed 6 – six to the fourth a –a to the power b
power
EVOLUTION
3
√4=2 – the square root of four is two √27=3 – the cube root of four is two
FRACTIONS
1 1 4
/ 2 – one half, a half 3 / 3 – three and a ⅓ - one third / 7 - four sevenths
third
DECIMAL FRACTIONS
0.2 – nought point .2 – point two 2.4 – two point four
two
RATIO
4:2 – the ratio of four to two
PROPORTION
2:3=4:6 – two is to three as four is to six
EQUATIONS
2
2
(a+b)∙(a-b)=a -b – the product of the sum and difference of two quantities is equal to the
difference of their squares

Task 2. Read the following numerals correctly.
2
1. 2+x+√4+x =10
5
2. 7 -⅝
3. 4.65-2.12+.6
3
4. 56∙4+44:4+6
√100-3⅓
5.
TRANSLATION FOCUS
Essentials of Geology

Task 1. Translate the following text into Ukrainian. Build up a glossary to the
underlined terms.
Stratigraphy is the study of the origin, composition, distribution, and sequence of layers
of sedimentary rock, or strata. Stratification is the characteristic layering or bedding of
sedimentary rocks. This characteristic is basic to two of the principles used to interpret geologic
events from the sedimentary rock record. First is the principle of original horizontality, which
states that most layers of sediment are deposited in a nearly horizontal layer. If a sequence of
sedimentary rock layers are folded or tilted, then generally it is understood that these layers were