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2.14 Heat Death of the Universe………………………………………..58
CHAPTER 3.Real Gases and Liquids………………………………...59
3.1. Forces and Potential Energy of Molecular Interaction
in Gases…………………………………………………………...59
3.2. Real gases. Van der Waals' Equation………………………..............60
3.3 Internal energy of the real gas. Joule-Thomson Effect……………65
3.4 Liquefaction of Gases………………………………………………...68
3.5. Liquids Surface Tension………………………………………….....73
3.6. Wetting………………………………………………………………74
3.7. Surface Curvature and Laplace Pressure……………………………75
3.7 Capillary Action …………………………………………………...77
CHAPTER 4 Solid Body………………………………………………78
4.1 Long- and short-range order………………………………………..78
4.2. The unit cell. Lattice systems……………………………………......79
4.3 Dulong–Petit law……………………………………………………..81
4.4 Crystallographic Defect………………………………………………83
4.5.Liquid crystals ……………………………………………………….84
CHAPTER 5 .Phase transition………………………………………...88
5.1 First-order and second order phase transitions………………………88
5.2. Aggregate Substance States…………………………………………89
5.3 Phase diagram. Clausius–Clapeyron relation.The triple point………91
APPENDIX ……………………………………………………………..95
BIBLIOGRAPHY…………………………………………………….100
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