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CONTENTS

1.CHAPTER 1.Molecular-Kinetic Theory of Ideal Gases……………..6

1.1. What is Molecular Physics?...................................................................6
1.2. Methods of Molecular Physics………………………………………..6
1.3. Basic Physical Values………………………………………………...7

1.4. Main Principles of Molecular-Kinetic Theory………………………10
1.5 Ideal Gas .Main Equation of Molecular-Kinetic Theory
of Ideal Gas……………………………………………………………...10
1.6.Kinetic Interpretation of the Temperature……………………………14

1.7.Consequences from the Main Equation of Molecular-Kinetic
Theory of Ideal Gas. Ideal Gas Laws………………………………...14
1.8. Combined Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Equation of State

( Mendeleev- Clapeyron Equation)………………………………..…17
1.9. Dalton's Law………………………………………………..……….18
1.10. Distribution of Molecular Velocities in Gases.Maxwellian

Distribution……………………………………………………… 19
1.11. Barometric Formula. The Boltzmann Distribution………………...20
1.12. Transport Phenomenon Mean Frequency of Molecules

Collisions in Gas.Mean Free Path……………………………………..23
1.13 Diffusion…………………………………………………………….25
1.14. Internal Friction (Viscosity) in Gas………………………………..27
1.15 Heat Conduction ………………………………………………...29

CHAPTER 2 Thermodynamics………………………………………..30
2.1 Introduction……………………………………………………..........30
2.2 Internal Energy…………………………………………………….....33

2.3 Work Done During Alteration of Gas Volume………………………36
2.4 Heat Ccapacity……………………………………………………….37
2.5 The First Law of Thermodynamics …………………………………38
2.6 Application of the First Thermodynamic Law to Isoprocesses………39

2.7. Adiabatic Process. Poisson's Equation………………………………41
2.8. Work Done in Adiabatic Process…………………………………….44
2.9. The Carnot Cycle. Heat Engines…………………………………….46

2.10 The Refrigerator…………………………………………………….50
2.11 Reversible and Irreversible Processes. Second Law of
Thermodynamics…………………………………………………….51

2.12.Entropy……………………………………………………………….53
2.13 Entropy and Probability……………………………………………..55

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