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9 COMPUTER GRAPHICS
9.1 PRESENTATION OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION IN A COMPUTER
Computer graphics is creation, storage and treatment of objects models and their reflection
with the help of computer technique.
Basic tasks of computer graphics are:
Inputting data to a computer which initially has a graphic form or determines it;
Treatment, optimization of descriptions, storage, defence, transmission of local and global
networks of this information facilities;
Outputting data from a computer in a graphic form.
The fundamental theory of analytical and differential geometry, vectorial algebra, sketch
geometry and technical drawing, counts, numeral methods of solution of mathematical tasks,
methods of optimization, recognition of patterns, artificial intelligence is fixed in basis of computer
graphics.
9.2 COMPUTER GRAPHICS USING
Computer graphics is used in different spheres of human’s activity: industry, economy,
medicine, public institutions, educational establishments. The list of its using is extraordinarily wide
and grows continually, how become more accessible and more powerful the personal computers.
The basic classes of the systems of computer graphic arts and the leading industries of their
practical application are: business, scientific, engineering and illustration computer graphics.
The systems of business computer graphics are mainly used in the spheres of business,
marketing, management, economic calculations. These systems are intended for visual graphic
presentation of information, i.e. drawing of the graphs, charts and diagrams (graphic examples of
different data).
The systems of scientific computer graphics are intended for dynamic graphic visualization of
the process and the results of carrying out of scientific experiments, automated planning of
scientific and scientific – technical tasks, forming of scientific documentation (mathematical,
chemical, physical formulas), researches of geographical, geological, geohydrological,
seismological, ecological, meteorological, astronomic and other natural objects, processes,
phenomena and systems, oil-and-gas exploring and production activity, computer cartography and
etc.
The systems of engineering computer graphics are intended for automation of drawing-
graphic and designer works in the process of products planning.
The systems of illustration computer graphics are intended for creation and artistic processing
of computer depictions (pictures, geographical cards, multimedia, WEB, etc.).
Typical cases of computer graphics using are:
Cartography.
Computer graphics are used for presentation of geographical and other natural phenomena
with a subsequent exact recreation them on a paper or a tape. Most distribution this aspect of
computer graphics got at created geographical and relief maps, maps of weather and isolines, oil-
and-gas exploring maps or maps of population density.
Automation of drawings and designer works
In computer-aided designs (САD) computer graphics is used for planning the systems of
mechanical, electric, electromechanics and electronic devices. Difficult complexes and structures
(for example, buildings, power plants, basket of cars, fuselage of airplanes, corps of ships and them
insides), electric charts, public-call networks and COMPUTER networks refer to such systems. The
ultimate goal of the automated planning is an issue of drawings of parts, assembly units and
assembly drawings. Considerable attention is paid to interactive work with the model of the system
or its components. A mathematical model is interpreted the designing program which periodically
gives out information about the conduct of the system under various conditions. After completion of
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