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 Nobody yet knows what is P. We know less than we thought we knew about P.
(Comparatively) little is known ... about the distinctions to be drawn between P
and Q.
 Whether P influences Q ... is not known at present/ remains unknown.
 P reflects our lack of knowledge about Q, For P it is necessary to have
knowledge of Q.
 Our knowledge of Р/ in this sphere ... is scant and fragmentary.
... is insufficient to determine Q.
•  There is a gap/There are many gaps ... in our (theoretical) understanding of these
processes.
 This controversy ... has left several theoretical tasks unaccomplished.
 The debate over the data continues, ... involving astronomers.
 Researchers today/ Some biologists ... suspect that Р/ are worried that P.
 Scientists ... have yet to identify phenomena that exhibit P.
•  Details/ Many issues ... remain unresolved.
 The function of these signals ... has not yet been established.
 The precise basic defect ... has eluded investigators.
 The mechanisms involved in P ... are complex and still poorly understood.
 Many present conceptions of P ... appear unable to meet these criteria.
 The more specialized studies of these phenomena ... are very nearly lacking.
 The economic analysis in these cases ... is often conflicting.
 The analysis ...leaves many questions open/ fails to convey P's true
dimensions.
 A previous analysis of P ... failed to find a correlation between P and Q.
 The contradiction arose ... when connecting these findings to heart disease.
 The animal models available for use in AIDS research ... have certain
limitations.
 This method has its limits. Even complex models may not simulate P accurately.
 No mechanism ... has been put forward to account for the phenomenon.
 This validation ... constitutes only a necessary, but not a sufficient, test of P.
 These challenges ... are significant (enough)/ deserve closer examination.
 A barrier to resolving the problem ... may lie in Р/ can be the differences in P.
 This factor ... impedes/ obstructs the classification.
 Imperfect information ... complicates (compounds) the problem
 A potential application/ role/ value of P ... is still uncertain
 The cause of this metamorphic event ... is uncertain.
1.5.3 Research context: Inferences, suggestions, predictions

•  Serious attention should be paid to the environment/ context/ prospect of P.
 P ... should be identified in a developmental context/ is part of a broader
problem.
... is an environmental issue/ an issue to be reckoned with in such contexts.
... is of substantial significance for Q/ exercises a decisive influence on these
theories.
... has become a worldwide problem/ a hot topic in scholarly debates.
... can provide an exhaustive explanation of the phenomenon/ provokes reflection.