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At the uppermost level are self-realization needs, the needs of people to increase all their

human potentials and capabilities. These are the most difficult needs to satisfy, and the means of

satisfying them vary with the individual. For some people, learning a new skill, starting a new
career, or becoming “the best” at some endeavor may be the way to satisfy the self-realization

needs.
Maslow suggested that people work to satisfy their physiological needs first, then safety

needs, and so on up the “needs ladder”. In general, they are motivated by the needs at the lowest

(most important) level that remain unsatisfied. However, needs at one level do not have to be
completely satisfied before needs at the next - higher level come into play. If the majority of a

person’s physiological and safety needs are satisfied, that person will be motivated primarily by
social needs. As needs at one level are satisfied, people try to satisfy needs at the next level.

III. Answer the questions:

1. What is motivation? Give a short definition.
2. What is practical management based on?
3. State the main difference between Taylor’s and McGregor’s theories (Theory X and
Theory Y).
4. Which theory of these two takes into account social processes in the workplace?
5. State two main factors that help increase productivity at the Japanese firms.
6. Why do people at the Japanese firms work towards organizational goals?
7. Find in the text words and word combinations which define safety needs, social needs,
and esteem needs.
8. How may the above mentioned needs be satisfied? Find the answers in the text and read
them out .
9. Which level in Maslow’s pyramid is the most important one in your opinion? Why?

IV. Give English equivalents of the following:

підхід безпека праці
сума любов та дружба
одиниця продукції почуття
точка зору повага
продуктивність праці людський потенціал

V. Match the management terms with their definitions:

1. Satisfaction a) being promoted;
2. Psychologist b) the state of being pleased or contended;
3. Relationship c) person who studies the mind and its
processes;