Page 68 - The phenomenal demographic and technological changes in the 21st century

Most industrialized countries have long large networks of pipes for the distribution

of water and gas, but pipelines as a means of moving commodities over long

distances originated on the oil industry one hundred and some odd years ago. The

first successful crude oil pipeline was built in 1865 in Pennsylvania, a screwed

cast-iron pipeline 2 in diameter and six miles long. Its life was short for it was torn

up by the infuriated teamsters and it had put out of work. But it demonstrated the

feasibility of the method.

The three functions of pipelines in the oil and natural gas industries are: 1) to

transport crude oil from oil fields to ocean terminals and from ocean terminals to

refineries or, where no sea voyage is necessary, from oil fields direct to refineries;

2) to carry refined products from refineries or tanker terminals to consumers or

local distribution depots; 3) to transport natural gas from the fields to local

distribution centers or direct to large consumers.

Since pipelines are unaffected by climatic conditions and other natural hazards,

such as floods, fog and frost, their use helps to avoid congestion on inland

waterways, railroads and high-ways.

КОМЕНТАРІ ДО ТЕКСТУ

it was torn up by the infuriated він був знищений розлюченими

teamsters водіями

feasibility можливість

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