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LABORATORY WORK № 2
Comparison of properties of alkanes and
alkenes. Definition of their presence in oil and
oil products.
Objective:
To know the electronic structure of the methane, ethane and
their homologues, the types of hybridization of the electron
orbitals of the Carbon atom, the features of multiple bonds,
the relationship between the structure of molecules and the
properties of alkanes and alkenes, and their application in
industry.
Be able to write formulas of isomers of alkanes and
alkenes, call them according to the nomenclature of IUPAC;
to conduct qualitative reactions to detect alkanes and
alkenes.
Reagents and equipment:
Hexane, 1-hexene, bromine water (aqueous solution of
bromine), 0.5% solution of potassium permanganate, a
mixture of ethanol and concentrated sulfuric acid in a
volume ratio of 1: 3, a test tube, a gas vapor tube, a tripod.
The theoretical part
Оf the alkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) is organic
compounds in which molecules Carbon atoms are connected
by σ-bonds. The general formula is C nH 2n + 2. They are
characterized by substitutionreactions, for example:
