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The attachment of electrons (reduction)

+8e +7e +6e +4e +2e

-1 0  1  3  5  7
Сl Сl Сl Сl Сl Сl

–1e –2e –4e –6e –8e
Electron transfer (oxidation)

Manganese in oxidation-reduction reactions detects seven oxidation states,

including six compounds for manganese:

Electron attachment (recovery)

+7e +5e +4e +3e +2e +1e

0  2  3  4  5  6  7
Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn Mn

–1e –2e –3e –4e –5e

Electron transfer (oxidation)

The analysis of the given series of ions oxidation states, taking into account

their electron configurations, shows that all elements, both metals and nonmetals,

in the lowest oxidation state can only detect the reducing properties, since they can

only transfer electrons, according to their electron configuration. Thus, chloride

ion which has a stable electron configuration of s2p6 can no longer attach

electrons. Therefore, in reduction-oxidation reactions it only increases the

oxidation state and acts as a reducing agent. The metallic Manganese does not

have a stable electron configuration, but, having a metallic nature, it can also only

transfer electrons. Elements in the highest oxidation state can only take electrons

and therefore act as oxidants.

Elements with intermediate oxidation state, depending on the conditions, may
exhibit oxidative and reducing properties. For example, during the interaction of

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