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4. Ukrainian culturological thought in the XXth century
Speaking about the development of cultural ideas in the Ukrainian thought
of the XXth century, it should first be noted that despite the intolerance of dissent
in the former Soviet Union, in the national philosophical tradition, however, there

were tendencies that were generally characteristic of the western scientific world
outlook of this time. Significant role in this belongs to the scientific and
journalistic activities of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora. In defining the

main guidelines for the development of pan-European philosophy that were
important for cultural research (including Ukrainian science), one should pay
attention to the following trends:

a) criticism of educational ideological stereotypes, first of all rationalist
appeal to the mind of man as the driving force of historical and cultural
development;

b) increased attention to unconscious factors in the formation of cultural
mentality;
c) the emphasis on axiology, the problems of choice and responsibility,
which generally contributed to the expansion of the horizons of theoretical

understanding of "cultural values";
d) awareness of the "scientific outlook" only as one of many ideological

paradigms.
It is these generally typical European thoughts that have shown themselves
in the Ukrainian philosophy and journalism that were developing a cultural
perspective. New horizons of Ukrainian science appeared in the writings of

V. Lypynsky, I. Ogienko, D. Dontsov, A. Sheptyycky, I. Mirchuk,
M. Shlemkevnch, D. Chyzhevsky, I. Lisyaka-Rudnitsky and others.
Vyacheslav Lipinsky (1882-1931) is a Ukrainian historian, sociologist,

philosopher of history, a leader and ideologue of the Ukrainian monarchical
movement, which largely determined his culturological position. The main
concepts that determine the existence of any culture is the tradition, aristocracy,

nation. But traditionalism, aristocracy, and nationalism of Lipinsky are peculiar
and original, these concepts, in the author's opinion differ somewhat from their
generally accepted interpretation. Yes, tradition is the basis of the existence of

every culture as a historical creation – it is perceived as a tradition of constant
movement and creativity, the tradition of change and improvement. Only
occasional and non-viable cultural forms acquire, according to Lipinsky,
constancy. The true tradition is the tradition of renewal, or "the preparation of a

new creative tradition."
The concept of the aristocracy is considered byLipinsky in the cultural-
historical dynamics. For Lipinsky, there is no "aristocracy in general", but there is

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