Page 33 - 6241

well defined in terms of subordination. Their coordination remains uncertain. The
two worlds are intertwined.
The cultural urban centers church (monastery) - university - square can be
considered were closely connected: the church was associated with the city

university. Thus, Sorbonne University (one of the oldest and largest universities in
Europe, named after Robert de Sorbonne - Chaplain of St. Louis) was founded in
1108, it came into the custody of the Pope in 1231. The students studied theology,

grammar and art (in 1331 medical education was added). The university occupied a
central position between the temple and the square. On the one hand, it was a
center of knowledge and theology ranked a significant place among other subjects

thereby approaching the sacred top, on the other hand, church dissidents often
found their refuge at the universities. For instance, theologian and scholar Pierre
Abelard was accepted to Sorbonne University and even brought there about 3,000

his students after he was convicted for his preaching.
The church and town square were connected through theatrical forms,
including liturgical drama. The temple was the center of the spiritual life and the
world for a medieval man. Well thought out and unified system of temple service

(liturgy), prayer texts and tunes, iconic scenes, immutable principles of temple
architecture created a symbolic language owing to which the medieval culture

became equally open to everyone, regardless of a social status. Participation in the
church service meant mystical unity with God. Nothing else - either physically or
logically - could overcome the duality (body - soul on earth - heaven, eternal -
temporary) of the medieval world.

3. Epoch of the Renaissance in modern culturology. Typology and
periodization

In modern science there are several views regarding the term ‘Renaissance’.
In a broad sense the term refers to the rise of ethno-cultural discovery of national
identity, revitalization of national culture (such as the process of ‘national revival’

in Ukraine). In a narrow sense it is a specific period for the world, mainly
European culture from the late XIIIth century (Italy) to the beginning of the XVIIth
century (in some European countries - Britain, Portugal, Poland, Ukraine - a bit

later), during which most European countries found typological common features
determining the era as the Renaissance .
The culture of the Renaissance is not a necessary stage of development for
any national culture. Some characteristic features of the Renaissance were

experienced by certain cultures at later stages of development. That is why
historians and culturologists debate the role and place, laws of the Renaissance as a

32