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 In practice, one notices a preference of a semantic type of explanation to a
pragmatic one, or vice versa.
•  The microwaves produced by interstellar gas clouds offer a glimpse of the size
of objects in space that otherwise may be invisible.
 For many years, no one looked through the ultraviolet window on the universe,
assuming that interstellar gas would absorb such radiation, ... but some probing
proved otherwise.
 Whereas physics is concerned with P, ... the central concern of cybernetics is Q.
 Reports can be substituted ... whereas facts cannot.

2.5.5. Orientating
•  But leaving this aside, ... I find serious deficiencies in this definition.
 There was a shift of direction ... within linguistics away from «competence»
 and towards «performance».
 This ... will help clear away irrelevant details/ does not make the problem go
away.
...takes us back to the problem of P.
 This term can be traced back to ... the period of P.
 P refers backward to ... the topic/ question of Q.
 The statistics are revealing, ... but let us look behind the statistics.
 The theory behind this change ... in consumption patterns relies on P.
•  The statistical significance of these effects ... was tested against the
corresponding saline control using multiple rank sum tests.
It is important to view [NN] against ... F's early work.
 These hypotheses should be verified ... by checking them against facts.
 Against this general background ... the more specific points will be made.
 This confusion arose ... because of a lack of distinction between P and Q.
 There is an association/discrepancy/mismatch/parallelism/tension ... between P
and Q.
 P is here today/ not here.There is no problem/ We have a gradation ... here
 The principle here ... is that P. Here ... P is sufficient/ it is impossible to do P
(without Q).
 It is here that F's contribution to the field lies. There is ... a tendency towards P.
 Physicists at MIT are exploring how atoms ... act toward one anothci.
 New bioengineered crops ... are moving toward the market
 The trend toward collective security ... means that P.
 Despite steps toward preventing the disease, ... cancer remains an undaunted
killer.
 Transoceanic telephone cables ... can become the infrastructure for P.
•  It is important to consider ... the conditions under which P takes place.
 Under these/ certain circumstances, ... P remains unchanged/ tends to occur.
 The problem with the information systems under discussion ... is that P.
 The deployment of such a network ... is under way.
 The future of P ... is up in the air.
 The world's tallest canopy-crane research facility ... is up and running.

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