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7. An acidizing service company can pump anywhere from 50 to thousands of
gallons (or litres) of acid down the well's tubing.
8. When the fracturing crew stops the pumps, the pressure dissipates.
9. Hydrocarbons sometimes exist in a formation but cannot flow readily into the
well because the formation has very high permeability.
10. The packer expands and grips the wall of the production casing or liner.

8 Fill in the gaps.

a) perforate d) proppant g) jets
b) permeability e) packer h) pay zone
c) casing f) Christmas tree i) annular space

If the operator decides to set production _________(1), a supplier brings it to the
well. Usually, the casing and cementing crews set and cement the production casing
or liner through the ___________(2). The drilling rig and crews are finished with
their job: they have drilled, cased, and cemented the well to the depth specified by the
drilling contract.
One important task is to _________(3) the well. The perforations go through the
casing and the cement and a short distance into the producing formation. Several
high-speed, high-pressure ______(4) of gas penetrate the steel casing, the cement,
and the formation next to the cement.

Crew members usually run tubing into the well with a sealing device called a
_______(5). The produced fluids flow through the perforations and into the tubing
string. The packer prevents them from entering the ____________(6), where they
could eventually corrode the casing. Valves on the ______________(7) allow the
operator to control the amount of production or to shut in the well completely to stop
it from producing.
Hydrocarbons sometimes exist in a formation but cannot flow readily into the
well because the formation has very low ___________(8). Another treatment that
may improve flow is fracturing. The fracturing crew adds a finely graded sand or
similar material _________(9) to the fracturing fluid.

9 Scan the text and correct spelling and grammar mistakes.
Wheather using jointed or coiled tubing, the operator usually produce a well
through a typing string rather than throught the casing for several reason. For one
thing, the crew does not cement a tubing string in the well. Accordingly, when a joint
of tubing falls, as it almost inevitablly will ower the live of a well, the operator cans
easily replace the failed joint or joints or, in the case of coiled tubing, remove and
repair or replase the failed area. Since casing is cemented, it is very difficult to
replase.

Translation Section

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