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as the kick fluids start moving up the hole, the choke operator reduces the choke
opening to hold just enough back-pressure on the well to allow the mud and kick out but
prevent farther entry of formation fluid. Once the kick is out and the heavier mud in, the
drilling crew makes a few checks to ensure that the well is back under control, and drilling
operations resume.
3 Scan the text and answer the following questions.

- What is the difference between horizontal and directional drilling?
- What is fishing?
- What does crew use to drill directionally?
- What is MWD?
- What fishing tools do you know?
- Does a kick, if not recognized and properly handled, lead to a blowout?
- Describe the procedures what crew members do when they discover a kick.
- How is a series of valves, which are used to facilitate circulating a kick, called?

4 Find synonyms in the text for the following words.

Slant drilling to bend
to rig up abnormity
to find regulate
to fulfill team of workers
to prevent

5 Find antonyms in the text for the following words.
top to attach
to find distantly
to run into to retrieve
to exclude to suceed
to enter the hole to increase

6 Say whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Fishingis the operation crew members implement to retrieve an object in the
wellbore.
2. Horizontal drillingis intentionally drilling the hole off-vertical for various
reasons.
3. The bend in the sub is from 1 to 300 degrees.
4. Whenever junk or a fish exists in a hole, the crew has either to remove it, or leave it
inside.
5. A kick, if not recognized and properly handled, can lead to a blowout.
6. When crew members discover a kick, they bring blowout preventers into
play.
7. There are three basic types of blowout preventers.
8. A choke is simply a valve with an opening the size of which a person can adjust.
9. Closing in the well with one or more of the blowout preventers is the last

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