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structural  and  semantic  analysis  primarily  from  the  synchronic
                            point.  In  other  words,  Modern  Lexicology  investigates  the
                            problems  of  word-structure  and  word-formation,  the  semantic
                            structure  of  words,  the  main  principles  underlying  the
                            classification of vocabulary units into various groupings, the laws
                            governing  the  replenishment  of  the  vocabulary  with  new
                            vocabulary  units.  It  also  studies  the  relations  existing  between
                            various lexical layers of the vocabulary and the specific laws and
                            regulations that govern its development. The source and growth of
                            the vocabulary, the changes it has undergone in its history are also
                            dwelt upon, as the diachronic approach revealing the vocabulary in
                            the  making  cannot  but  contribute  to  the  understanding  of  its
                            workings at the present time.

                                  2. A word as a fundamental unit of a language
                                  The real nature of a word and the term itself has always been
                            one  of  the  most  ambiguous  issues  in  almost  every  branch  of
                            linguistics. To use it as a term in the description of language, we
                            must be sure what we mean by it. To illustrate the point here, let us
                            count the words in the following sentence:
                                  You can’t tie a bow with the rope in the bow of a boat.
                                  Probably  the  most  straightforward  answer  to this  is  to  say
                            that there are 14. However, the orthographic perspective taken by
                            itself, of course, ignores the meaning of the words, and as soon as
                            we invoke meanings we at least are talking about different words
                            bow, to start with.
                                  Being a central element of any language system, the word is
                            a  focus  for  the  problems  of  phonology,  lexicology,  syntax,
                            morphology, stylistics and also for a number of other language and
                            speech sciences. Within the framework of linguistics the word has
                            acquired  definitions  from  the  syntactic,  semantic,  phonological
                            points  of  view  as  well  as  a  definition  combining  various
                            approaches.  Thus,  it  has  been  syntactically  defined  as  “the
                            minimum sentence” by H.Sweet and much later as “the minimum













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